# The Java EE 7 Tutorial

# 16.1 Using Annotations to Configure Managed Beans

JavaServer Faces support for bean annotations is introduced in Chapter 7, "JavaServer Faces Technology". Bean annotations can be used for configuring JavaServer Faces applications.

The `@Named` (`javax.inject.Named`) annotation in a class, along with a scope annotation, automatically registers that class as a resource with the JavaServer Faces implementation. A bean that uses these annotations is a CDI managed bean.

The following shows the use of the `@Named` and `@SessionScoped` annotations in a class:

    @Named("cart")
    @SessionScoped
    public class ShoppingCart ... { ... }

The above code snippet shows a bean that is managed by the JavaServer Faces implementation and is available for the length of the session.

You can annotate beans with any of the scopes listed in the next section, Using Managed Bean Scopes.

All classes will be scanned for annotations at startup unless the `faces-config` element in the `faces-config.xml` file has the `metadata-complete` attribute set to `true`.

Annotations are also available for other artifacts, such as components, converters, validators, and renderers, to be used in place of application configuration resource file entries. These are discussed, along with registration of custom listeners, custom validators, and custom converters, in Chapter 15, "Creating Custom UI Components and Other Custom Objects".

## 16.1.1 Using Managed Bean Scopes

You can use annotations to define the scope in which the bean will be stored. You can specify one of the following scopes for a bean class.

- Application (`javax.enterprise.context.ApplicationScoped`): Application scope persists across all users' interactions with a web application.

- Session (`javax.enterprise.context.SessionScoped`): Session scope persists across multiple HTTP requests in a web application.

- Flow (`javax.faces.flows.FlowScoped`): Flow scope persists during a user's interaction with a specific flow of a web application. See Using Faces Flows for more information.

- Request (`javax.enterprise.context.RequestScoped`): Request scope persists during a single HTTP request in a web application.

- Dependent (`javax.enterprise.context.Dependent`): Indicates that the bean depends on some other bean.

You may want to use `@Dependent` when a managed bean references another managed bean. The second bean should not be in a scope (`@Dependent`) if it is supposed to be created only when it is referenced. If you define a bean as `@Dependent`, the bean is instantiated anew each time it is referenced, so it does not get saved in any scope.

If your managed bean is referenced by the `binding` attribute of a component tag, you should define the bean with a request scope. If you placed the bean in session or application scope instead, the bean would need to take precautions to ensure thread safety, because `javax.faces.component.UIComponent` instances each depend on running inside of a single thread.

If you are configuring a bean that allows attributes to be associated with the view, you can use the view scope. The attributes persist until the user has navigated to the next view.